{"id":104,"date":"2012-01-07T19:55:52","date_gmt":"2012-01-07T19:55:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?p=104"},"modified":"2012-02-28T22:15:01","modified_gmt":"2012-02-28T22:15:01","slug":"saude-origens-da-sua-simbologia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?p=104","title":{"rendered":"Sa\u00fade: origens da sua simbologia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>J\u00e1 te apercebeste de que h\u00e1 um <strong>elemento comum<\/strong> a diferentes s\u00edmbolos de institui\u00e7\u00f5es e atividades profissionais ligadas \u00e0 Sa\u00fade? Em caso negativo, <strong>clica nas imagens a seguir<\/strong> e tenta descobrir o que \u00e9:<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-104 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?attachment_id=159'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/1-OMS-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial de Sa\u00fade (OMS)\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-159\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-159'>\n\t\t\t\tOrganiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial de Sa\u00fade (OMS)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?attachment_id=160'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/2-INEM-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Instituto Nacional de Emerg\u00eancia M\u00e9dica (INEM)\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-160\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-160'>\n\t\t\t\tInstituto Nacional de Emerg\u00eancia M\u00e9dica (INEM)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?attachment_id=161'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/3-OEnf-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Ordem dos Enfermeiros\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-161\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-161'>\n\t\t\t\tOrdem dos Enfermeiros\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?attachment_id=162'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/4-OM-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Ordem dos M\u00e9dicos\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-162\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-162'>\n\t\t\t\tOrdem dos M\u00e9dicos\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?attachment_id=163'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/5-FMUP-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Faculdade de Medicina do Porto\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-163\" srcset=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/5-FMUP-150x150.gif 150w, http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/5-FMUP-300x300.gif 300w, http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/5-FMUP.gif 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-163'>\n\t\t\t\tFaculdade de Medicina do Porto (s\u00edmbolo antigo)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?attachment_id=164'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/6-FMUL-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-164\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-164'>\n\t\t\t\tFaculdade de Medicina de Lisboa\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?attachment_id=165'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/7-OF-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Ordem dos Farmac\u00eauticos\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-165\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-165'>\n\t\t\t\tOrdem dos Farmac\u00eauticos\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?attachment_id=166'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/8-FFUP-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia do Porto\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-166\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-166'>\n\t\t\t\tFaculdade de Farm\u00e1cia do Porto\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?attachment_id=167'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/9-farmacias-portuguesas-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Sinal identificativo de uma farm\u00e1cia portuguesa\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-167\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-167'>\n\t\t\t\tSinal identificativo de uma farm\u00e1cia portuguesa\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Reparaste? <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Todos<\/em><\/span> estes s\u00edmbolos incluem, de forma mais ou menos clara, uma <strong>serpente<\/strong>.<br \/>\nFazes alguma ideia do porqu\u00ea?<\/p>\n<p>Alguns poder\u00e3o pensar que se refere \u00e0 serpente de Ad\u00e3o e Eva \u2014 mas qual a sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com a Sa\u00fade?!<br \/>\nBem&#8230; <em>nenhuma!<\/em> A serpente que figura nos s\u00edmbolos relacionados com a sa\u00fade nada tem que ver com Ad\u00e3o e Eva, embora a inclus\u00e3o da \u00e1rvore nalguns deles possa denotar \u2014 e causar \u2014 alguma confus\u00e3o de s\u00edmbolos (o que \u00e9 normal numa atividade secular, em especial quando a simbologia original se foi perdendo devido \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as culturais e religiosas).<\/p>\n<p>Mas ent\u00e3o, a que se deve a ado\u00e7\u00e3o da serpente como s\u00edmbolo da Sa\u00fade?<br \/>\nA resposta est\u00e1, n\u00e3o no mito da Cria\u00e7\u00e3o da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o judaico-crist\u00e3, mas na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o mitol\u00f3gica grega, em cuja religi\u00e3o popular se venerava uma divindade de nome Ascl\u00e9pio.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"esculapio\"><\/a><strong>Ascl\u00e9pio<\/strong> (<em>\u1f08\u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>) \u2014 mais conhecido entre n\u00f3s pela vers\u00e3o latinizada do seu nome: <strong>Escul\u00e1pio<\/strong> (<em>Aesculapius<\/em>) \u2014 era o deus da Medicina e da Sa\u00fade.<br \/>\nEm todo o rigor, era apenas um <em>semideus<\/em> (filho do verdadeiro deus da Medicina, <strong>Apolo<\/strong>, um dos mais importantes do Pante\u00e3o grego, e de uma humana), mas o seu culto na Antiguidade greco-latina era t\u00e3o grande, que acabou por ultrapassar o seu pai e &#8220;professor&#8221; em termos de devo\u00e7\u00e3o popular.<br \/>\nO nome de Ascl\u00e9pio surge pela primeira vez no Canto II da <em>Il\u00edada<\/em> de Homero, em refer\u00eancia a dois dos seus filhos (de que falaremos num artigo posterior), que s\u00e3o apresentados como guerreiros e m\u00e9dicos que cuidam dos protagonistas da Guerra de Tr\u00f3ia. N\u00e3o \u00e9 feita refer\u00eancia \u00e0 divindade de Ascl\u00e9pio, mas, com o tempo, \u00e0 semelhan\u00e7a de outros her\u00f3is \u00e9picos (H\u00e9rcules, Aquiles, etc.), ele e os filhos seriam divinizados, surgindo a lenda de que Ascl\u00e9pio seria filho de Apolo.<\/p>\n<p>Escul\u00e1pio era habitualmente representado com um cajado ou bord\u00e3o tosco ao qual se enrolava uma serpente. As origens do s\u00edmbolo n\u00e3o s\u00e3o claras (por serem muito antigas), mas \u00e9 poss\u00edvel que a serpente representasse o eterno renascer e a sabedoria.<br \/>\nSendo o atributo do deus da Medicina e da Sa\u00fade, o <strong>Bord\u00e3o de Escul\u00e1pio<\/strong> passou, assim, a simbolizar este ramo de atividade.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div id=\"attachment_192\" style=\"width: 139px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/1-asklepios.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-192\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/1-asklepios-129x300.jpg\" alt=\"Est\u00e1tua pr\u00e9-cl\u00e1ssica de Ascl\u00e9pio\" width=\"129\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-192\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-192\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Est\u00e1tua pr\u00e9-cl\u00e1ssica de Ascl\u00e9pio<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td><div id=\"attachment_193\" style=\"width: 188px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/2-asklepios-epidauros.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-193\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/2-asklepios-epidauros-178x300.jpg\" alt=\"Est\u00e1tua cl\u00e1ssica de Ascl\u00e9pio (Teatro de Epidauro)\" width=\"178\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-193\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Est\u00e1tua cl\u00e1ssica de Ascl\u00e9pio (Teatro de Epidauro)<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td><div id=\"attachment_194\" style=\"width: 208px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/3-esculapio-romano.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-194\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/3-esculapio-romano-198x300.jpg\" alt=\"Est\u00e1tua romana de Escul\u00e1pio\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-194\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-194\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Est\u00e1tua romana de Escul\u00e1pio<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"higia-esculapio\"><\/a>Na Antiguidade, eram tamb\u00e9m comuns as imagens de Escul\u00e1pio com uma das suas filhas, <a href=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?p=449\"><strong>H\u00edgia<\/strong><\/a>, esta representada a dar de beber de um <strong>c\u00e1lice ou ta\u00e7a<\/strong> \u00e0 serpente do seu pai. Com o tempo, a imagem de uma serpente enrolada num c\u00e1lice tornou-se uma vers\u00e3o alternativa do s\u00edmbolo da Medicina e da Farm\u00e1cia, figurando, por exemplo, no antigo s\u00edmbolo da Faculdade de Medicina do Porto (v. acima).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div id=\"attachment_229\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/esculapio-higia-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-229\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/esculapio-higia-1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00edgia dando de beber \u00e0 serpente de Escul\u00e1pio (relevo votivo grego)\" width=\"150\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-229\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-229\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00edgia dando de beber \u00e0 serpente de Escul\u00e1pio (relevo votivo grego)<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td><div id=\"attachment_237\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/esculapio-higia-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-237\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/esculapio-higia-2-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00edgia dando de beber \u00e0 serpente de Escul\u00e1pio (relevo)\" width=\"150\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-237\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-237\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00edgia dando de beber \u00e0 serpente de Escul\u00e1pio (relevo)<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td><div id=\"attachment_244\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/calice-serpente.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-244\" src=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/calice-serpente.jpg\" alt=\"Serpente de Escul\u00e1pio enrolada no c\u00e1lice de H\u00edgia\" height=\"150\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-244\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-244\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Serpente de Escul\u00e1pio enrolada no c\u00e1lice de H\u00edgia<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?p=490\">Voltaremos a falar de Escul\u00e1pio e do resto da sua fam\u00edlia<\/a> num artigo posterior.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J\u00e1 te apercebeste de que h\u00e1 um elemento comum a diferentes s\u00edmbolos de institui\u00e7\u00f5es e atividades profissionais ligadas \u00e0 Sa\u00fade? Em caso negativo, clica nas imagens a seguir e tenta descobrir o que \u00e9: Reparaste? Todos estes s\u00edmbolos incluem, de &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/?p=104\">Continuar a ler <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=104"}],"version-history":[{"count":126,"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":879,"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104\/revisions\/879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/aves.edu.pt\/tas\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}